Design-Oriented Two-Stage Surrogate Modeling of Miniaturized Microstrip Circuits With Dimensionality Reduction

Published in: Journal

Jul 12, 2020

Contemporary microwave design heavily relies on full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation tools. This is especially the case for miniaturized devices where EM cross-coupling effects cannot be adequately accounted for using equivalent network models. Unfortunately, EM analysis incurs considerable computational expenses, which becomes a bottleneck whenever multiple evaluations are required. Common simulation-based design tasks include parametric optimization and uncertainty quantification. These can be accelerated using fast replacement models, among which the data-driven surrogates are the most popular. Notwithstanding, a construction of approximation models for microwave components is hindered by the dimensionality issues as well as high nonlinearity of system characteristics. A partial alleviation of the mentioned difficulties can be achieved with the recently reported performance-driven modeling methods, including the nested kriging framework. Therein, the computational benefits are obtained by appropriate confinement of the surrogate model domain, spanned by a set of pre-optimized reference designs, and by focusing on the parameter space region that contains high quality designs with respect to the considered performance figures. This paper presents a methodology that incorporates the concept of nested kriging and enhances it by explicit dimensionality reduction based on spectral decomposition of the reference design set. Extensive verification studies conducted for a compact rat-race coupler and a three-section impedance matching transformer demonstrate superiority of the presented approach over both the conventional techniques and the nested kriging in terms of modeling accuracy. Design utility of our surrogates is corroborated through application cases studies.

An Efficient Routing Scheme for Intrabody Nanonetworks using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

Published in: Journal

Jul 02, 2020

H. Fahim S. Javaid W. Li I. B. Mabrouk M. A. Hasan and M. B. B. Rasheed

An Intrabody Nanonetwork (IBNN) is constituted by nanoscale devices that are implanted inside the human body for monitoring of physiological parameters for disease diagnosis and treatment purposes. The extraordinary accuracy and precision of these nanoscale devices in cellular level disease diagnosis and drug delivery are envisioned to advance the traditional healthcare system. However, the feature constraints of these nanoscale devices, such as inadequate energy resources, topology-unawareness, and limited computational power, challenges the development of energy-efficient routing protocol for IBNNs. The presented work concentrates on the primary limitations and responsibilities of IBNNs and designs a routing protocol that incorporates characteristics of Exponential Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) Based Opportunistic Data Transmission (EWMA-ODT) and Artificial Colony Algorithm Based Query Response Transmission (ABC-QRT) approaches for efficiently handling the routing challenges of IBNNs. In EWMA-ODT, the moving Nano Biosensors (NBSs) employ the EWMA method attributes to aggregate detected data by assigning high weightage to the recent detected information. Later, the aggregated data is transmitted to the Nano Router (NR) when the direct data transmission opportunity is available, the reception of aggregated briefs NR about the condition of the network after the last successful interaction with minimum energy consumption. Whereas, the ABC-QRT approach introduces the ABC algorithm for the selection of those optimal NBSs that have maximum fitness value for satisfying the data transmission demand of the external healthcare system with minimal traffic overhead. The simulation results validate that the joint contribution of these approaches enhances IBNNs lifetime and reduces end-to-end delay as compared to the flooding scheme.

Circular polarization diversity implementation for correlation reduction in wideband low-cost multiple-input-multiple-output antenna

Published in: Journal

May 19, 2020

U Ullah M Al-Hasan S Koziel IB Mabrouk

In this paper, a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna featuring circular polarization diversity, and designed on a common coplanar ground is presented. The proposed antenna design utilizes a coplanar waveguide (CPW) feeding technique with three parallel coplanar ground planes, and two feedlines in-between. For circular polarization (CP), quasi-loops are created by etching slots on the outermost ground planes. With this configuration, circular polarization diversity is induced in the MIMO antenna with the left-hand CP (LHCP) from one antenna and the right-hand CP (RHCP) from the other. The total footprint of the antenna radiator is only 0.78λ 0 × 0.55λ 0 = 0.42λ o 2 . Experimental results show perfectly overlapping impedance and axial ratio bandwidths of 39.3% (4.5 GHz to 6.7 GHz). In addition, average in-band isolation |S 21 | ≤ -15 dB without any added complexity or active circuit elements. The peak realized gain of the antenna is 5.8 dBic with broadside radiation pattern in the +zdirection and envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of 0.005. The antenna is suitable for multiple applications in the C-band that includes WLAN (5 GHz, 5.2 GHz and 5.8 GHz) and WiMAX (5.5 GHz).

A 1-bit High-Gain Flexible Metasurface Reflectarray for Terahertz Application

Published in: Conference

Apr 30, 2020

M Ur-Rehman A Abohmra F Sheikh T Kaiser M Al-Hasan IB Mabrouk

Implementation of Spatial/Polarization Diversity for Improved-Performance Circularly Polarized Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Ultra-Wideband Antenna

Published in: Journal

Mar 31, 2020

U Ullah IB Mabrouk S Koziel M Al-Hasan

In this paper, spatial and polarization diversities are simultaneously implemented in an ultra-wideband (UWB) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna to reduce the correlation between the parallel-placed radiators. The keystone of the antenna is systematically modified coplanar ground planes that enable excitation of circular polarization (CP). To realize one sense of circular polarization as well as ultra-wideband operation, an extended rectangular slot is etched on the left-hand-side of the coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed. This is combined with the asymmetrical ground plane geometry on the right-hand-side of the feeding line. The current flowing on the slotted ground plane forms a quasi-loop and generates CP, whereas the combination of the vertical current on the feedline and the horizontal current on the asymmetric ground plane adds to the axial ratio (AR) bandwidth. To implement the MIMO design with polarization and spatial diversity, the position of the coplanar ground planes is switched with respect to the feedline, and placed in a parallel formation with the edge-to-edge distance of 0.29λ0 . All geometrical parameters are optimized at the full-wave level of description before prototyping and experimental characterization. Simulation and measured results indicate that the proposed MIMO antenna features approximately 82% impedance bandwidth from 2.9 GHz to 7.1 GHz and 68.5% (3.1 GHz- 6.35 GHz) AR bandwidth. Moreover, the peak envelop correlation coefficient (ECC) is below 0.003, which corresponds to almost no correlation between the radiators. The antenna can be operated with either bidirectional or unidirectional characteristics, covering multiple commercial application bands including WLAN and WiMax.

Design of Ultra-Wideband Circularly Polarized Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Antenna with Polarization Diversity

Published in: Conference: The 2019 IEEE International COnference on Electrical and Computing Technologies and Applications (ICECTA 2019)

Nov 20, 2019

Ubaid Ullah muath alhasan Ismail Ben Mabrouk Raed Shubeir Slawomir Koziel

This paper presents an ultra-wideband (UWB) circularly polarized (CP) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with polarization diversity. The proposed antenna is comprised of a coplanar waveguide feed with modified geometry of the coplanar ground plane. One antenna is design with right-hand CP (RHCP) by altering only the geometry of the left-hand side coplanar ground plane. To achieve the left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) the position of the coplanar ground planes is switched. For polarization diversity, the two antennas are placed in parallel configuration. The simulated results show that the antenna yields 85% impedance bandwidth from 2.9 GHz to 7.2 GHz. The axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of the antenna is 70% in the frequency range of 3.06 GHz to 6.4 GHz. The peak envelop correlation coefficient (ECC) of the antenna is 0.003 when the separation between the two antennas is 0.29 λo. Moreover, the diversity gain of the antenna is approximately 9.99 dB.

A Novel Design of Radiation Pattern-Reconfigurable Antenna System for Millimeter-Wave 5G Applications

Published in: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

Nov 06, 2019

Ismail Ben Mabrouk muath alhasan Mourad Nedil Tayeb Denidni Abdel Sebak

In this paper, a novel design of dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with a reconfigurable radiation pattern capability is presented. Reconfigurability in the azimuth plane is achieved by symmetrically placing six electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) sectors around the DRA. Each sector is composed of twenty-six circular shaped mushroom-like EBG unit cell. In order to achieve 360 degrees pattern reconfigurability with a minimum number of diodes, a network of metallic veins printed on a conductor-backed dielectric slab is used to group and connect the vias in each EBG sector. In addition, a switching PIN diode is integrated to the circuit to control the beam steering in the entire azimuth plane towards the respective desired sector by turning On and Off the diode. 60 GHz DRA prototype incorporating the EBG switching circuit is fabricated and tested. Results show 360 degrees pattern reconfigurability in the azimuth plane, with a realized gain of 4.2 dBi, and less than -16 dB impedance matching level over the desired bandwidth are achieved

On the Path Loss Model for 5-GHz Microwave-Based Pinless Subsea Connectors

Published in: Progress In Electromagnetics Research

Jun 01, 2019

Jose Carlos Reyes Guerrero Ismail Ben Mabrouk Muath Alhassan Mourad Nedil

In this work, a simple propagation channel model for microwave-based pinless subsea connectors in the 5 GHz band is presented. Both high electromagnetic attenuation in seawater due to absorption and the near-field working conditions typically present for underwater connectors are taken into consideration. Therefore, a simplified path loss model based on linear regression is identified. The study shows that high-speed pinless subsea connectors are a reality over several cm of seawater gap when appropriate microwave receiver technology is selected with sensitivities of about-100 dBm. Experimental results show that both half-duplex gigabits-per-second and full-duplex 100-Mbps technologies have a strong potential to be developed in the 5 GHz band.

Hybrid Isolator for Mutual-Coupling Reduction in Millimeter-Wave MIMO Antenna Systems

Published in: IEEE Access

May 01, 2019

Mu’ath Al-Hasan ; Ismail Ben Mabrouk ; E’qab R. F. Almajali ; Mourad Nedil ; Tayeb A. Denidni

A novel millimeter-wave hybrid isolator is presented to reduce the mutual-coupling (MC) between two closely-spaced dielectric resonator (DR) antennas at 60 GHz. The proposed hybrid isolator consists of a combination of a new uni-planar compact electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structure and a Millimeter-wave (MMW) choke absorber. The design of the proposed EBG unit-cell is based on the stepped-impedance resonator (SIR) technique. Results show that the proposed EBG structure provides a wide frequency bandgap in the 60 GHz band with miniaturization factors of 0.79 and 0.66 compared to conventional uni-planar EBG and uni-planar compact (UC-EBG) structures, respectively. The proposed EBG is then placed between two Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) DR antennas to reduce the MC level. As a result, an average of 7 dB level reduction is obtained. To further reduce the MC level, a thin MMW choke absorber wall is mounted vertically between the two DR antennas and above the EBG structure. An average of 22 dB MC reduction is achieved over the suggested bandwidth while maintaining good radiation characteristics. The measured isolation of the prototype antenna varies from –29 to –49 dB in the frequency range from 59.3 GHz to 64.8 GHz. In fact, the proposed hybrid isolator outperforms other hybrid isolation techniques reported in the literature.

Experimental Validation of Receiver Sensitivity for 100-Mbps Data Rates in Seawater by Using 2.4 GHz-Low-Power Electronics

Published in: International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation

Feb 01, 2019

JCR Guerrero IB Mabrouk M Al-Hassan M Nedil T Ciamulski

This paper presents an experimental validation of the receiver sensitivity for 100- Mbps microwave data communications in a typical subsea environment. It is demonstrated that underwater microwave-based pinless connector solutions can perform under conditions that have not been explored until now. Traditional “pinned” subsea wet-mate connectors require precise rotational and angular alignment to achieve efficient and reliable connections. The demonstrated flexibility offered by pinless connection shows clear operational and reliability advantages. In this study, experimental works are based on a simple loop antenna fabricated on PCB FR4 substrate under typical subsea boundary conditions. Measurement results show that high data throughputs of 100 Mbps are achieved at 2.4 GHz with a receiver sensitivity of -60 dBm, using optimized regular antennas. In addition, maximum data throughputs are attained for seawater gaps of about 40 mm

High gain dielectric resonator antenna with soft cavity and soft surface for millimeter-wave applications

Published in: International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology

Dec 01, 2018

muath alhasan

In this paper, a 60 GHz high-gain dielectric resonator antenna (DRA), integrated with soft surface and capacitive soft cavity is presented. The soft surface consists of a perforated dielectric cylinder, shorting vias, and three concentric layers of metallic strips printed on both sides of the dielectric cylinder. The capacitive soft cavity comprises ten concentric planar strips printed on top of a dielectric substrate. The soft surface blocks surface wave propagation by introducing a gap waveguide, while the soft cavity focuses the beam in the main direction yielding more directive power pattern. When incorporating the soft cavity and the capacitive soft surface with the aperture-coupled DRA, simulation results show a gain increase of up to 3 dB, front-to-back ratio enhancement of 7 dB, and less radiation toward the substrate edges.

Millimeter-Wave Compact EBG Structure for Mutual Coupling Reduction Applications

Published in: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

Jul 01, 2015

Mu'ath J. Al-HasanTayeb A. DenidniTayeb A. DenidniA. R SebakA. R Sebak

A new millimeter-wave (MMW), electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structure is presented. The proposed EBG structure without the use of metallic vias or vertical components is formed by etching two slots and adding two connecting bridges to a conventional uniplanar EBG unit-cell. The transmission characteristics of the proposed EBG structure are measured. Results show that the proposed EBG structure has a wide bandgap around the 60 GHz band. The size of the proposed EBG unit-cell is 78% less than a conventional uniplanar EBG, and 72% less than a uniplanar-compact EBG (UC-EBG) operating at the same frequency band. Moreover, and despite the fabrication limitations at the 60 GHz band, the proposed EBG unit-cell provides at least 12% more size reduction than any other planar EBG structures at microwave frequencies. Its enhanced performance and applicability to reduce mutual coupling in antenna arrays are then investigated. Results show a drastic decrease in the mutual coupling level. This EBG structure can find its applications in MMW wireless communication systems.

Millimeter-Wave EBG-Based Aperture-Coupled Dielectric Resonator Antenna

Published in: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

Jul 02, 2013

Mu'ath J. Al-HasanTayeb A. DenidniTayeb A. DenidniA. R SebakA. R Sebak

Design, fabrication and testing of millimeter-wave (MMW) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) surrounded by electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structure are presented. For this purpose, MMW mushroom-like, circular patch EBG (CP-EBG) cell is designed and fabricated. The propagation characteristics of the proposed CP-EBG structure are measured using the asymmetric microstrip line method. A cylindrical DRA incorporating the developed CP-EBG structure is then designed and its performance is evaluated with and without the CP-EBG around the 60 GHz bandwidth. Measurements show a significant improvement in the antenna radiation characteristics when it is surrounded by CP-EBG structure. A gain increase of up to 3.2 dBi is obtained while preserving the gain flatness over the suggested bandwidth ( ± 0.7 dB). An additional backlobe suppression of up to 6.5 dBi is achieved. Moreover, radiation toward substrate edges is significantly reduced.