An optimized SDN framework for the internet of things

فبراير 01, 2026

Zina Houhamdi Mohamed Raid Athamena Belkacem Athamena Shorouq Eletter

Low-power wireless networks (LPWN) have traditionally been central to the Internet of Things (IoT) discussion. Nevertheless, as these networks grow more complex, their control architectures and protocols reveal significant limitations, particularly when dealing with multi–hop topologies and lossy channels. To tackle these challenges, there has been growing interest in adopting Software–Defined Networking (SDN), which has revolutionized data center and campus network management over the past decade by moving away from traditional vertical infrastructure. Despite its advantages, the centralized SDN model encounters substantial difficulties in the restricted settings of LPWN. The current study investigates the application of SDN concepts to dynamically and flexibly control Industrial IoT, with a focus on minimizing and managing SDN overhead. This paper presents a novel SDN architecture, Optimized SDN (OSDN), specifically designed for LPWN, along with simulated, experimental, and analytical findings. The results highlight that OSDN meets the diverse and complex traffic demands of Industrial IoT applications throughout LPWN and that challenges in integrating SDN in limited IoT networks can be successfully addressed. The key contribution of this study is enabling SDN-style programmability on highly resource-constrained IoT devices through a lightweight control protocol and overhead-reduction mechanisms, offering flexibility and control without compromising compatibility or performance.

Automatic speech emotion recognition for arabic dialects: a new dataset and machine learning framework

يناير 01, 2026

Zineddine Sarhani Kahhoul Nadjiba Terki Habiba Dahmani Belkacem Athamena Zina Houhamdi Madina Hamiane Mohammed Bourennane

Automatic Speech Emotion Recognition (ASER) is a critical aspect of affective computing, which detects emotions in speech to facilitate efficient human-computer interaction. An area that has received little attention in previous research is the Algerian Arabic dialect, which is the setting in which this study examines ASER. We introduce a new corpus, Open Your Heart (OYH), which consists of roughly 6.3 hours of emotional spontaneous speech taken from a talk show on television. A wide variety of emotional expressions are captured in the 6,167 audio clips from 43 male and female speakers that make up the dataset. These expressions are categorized and analyzed through the Geneva Wheel of Emotions (GWE), providing an in-depth understanding of the emotional spectrum. We use the openSMILE toolkit to pull out audio features, then choose the best ones using the Backward Feature Elimination (BFE) method and an improved version that removes the least useful features to make the feature set better. We employ Support Vector Machines (SVM) as the primary classification model, alongside ten additional machine learning classifiers. We assess each model using different numbers of estimators. Among all classifiers, SVM achieves the highest performance, reaching a maximum accuracy of approximately 59% with a complexity of 0.00001. These findings surpass previous benchmarks, demonstrating the robustness of the proposed methodology for emotion recognition in Arabic speech.

Supplier selection strategies evaluation: a multi-agent based simulation

يونيو 01, 2025

Belkacem Athamena Zina Houhamdi Mohamed Raid Athamena Ghaleb Elrefae Kholoud Al Qeisi

Local food systems have gained prominence in response to increasing consumer demand for locally produced food, driven by heightened interest in diet, food quality, sourcing, production methods, and food safety. These systems support the economic sustainability of small and medium-sized farms and promote consumer awareness through enhanced transparency and direct farmer-customer relationships. However, the effectiveness of these systems depends on robust and efficient supply chain operations, which are often hindered by the limited adoption of formal supply chain management practices. This study investigates the impact of farmers' local food system selection strategies and evaluates key performance metrics relevant to supplier assessment in local food networks. A theoretical multi-agent model was developed using NetLogo to simulate local food systems and analyse decision-making processes. Furthermore, this paper introduces an extended G-net model that integrates inheritance mechanisms into the G-net formalism, thereby enabling formal design and analysis of concurrent object-oriented systems. The proposed model preserves the foundational structure of Petri Nets, facilitating the use of existing analysis tools for simulation and verification. A case study is provided to demonstrate the model's utility; however, further empirical research is necessary to validate its practical application.

Inheritance Modeling in Distributed Object-Oriented Design: An Extended G-Nets Model

مايو 01, 2025

Zina Houhamdi Mohamed Raid Athamena Belkacem Athamena

The emergence of an object-oriented paradigm has been beneficial for complex software development, and this paradigm has been used to develop architectures for distributed systems. Many object-oriented architectures have been suggested for developing object-based software, and several attempts have been made to specify object behaviors formally. Nevertheless, investigations into bridging the gap between object implementation and object formal models are limited. This paper presents a formal approach to designing and implementing object-oriented software. Rather than applying formal methods only in the specification phase, the proposed model applies formal methods in the design phase that extends the well–known–net formalism (abstract Petri nets) to support system modeling as a set of independent and low-coupled modules. This paper describes the extension of standard G-nets to model class and inheritance in true parallel object-oriented design and incorporates the inheritance mechanism in G-nets. This paper investigates the problems related to inheritance anomaly in designing distributed object-oriented to analyze the proposed model. Consequently, the proposed formalism formally and explicitly models the inheritance in the G-net to preserve the basic Petri net model and exploit the Petri net tools for analyzing and simulating concurrent object-oriented design. An example is given to illustrate a detailed analysis of the proposed formalism; however, real experimental research is required to validate the practical significance of the presented approach.

Retention contracts with asymmetric information: optimistic approach vs pessimistic approach

يناير 01, 2023

Belkacem Athamena Zina houhamdi Ghaleb El Refae

This paper aims to focus on the utilization of retention contracts to screen and discipline managers in a context in which the council, board of directors, possesses incomplete information about the consequences of managers’ decisions. The analysis enlightens us on empire building, on the slight connection between achievement and firing, and describes concerns about the belief that low achievements result from bad managers. Design/methodology/approach This paper analyzes a basic model to show the resulting dilemmas. The desire to screen managers to enhance the organization's future well-being motivates managers to show their credentials by becoming excessively active. The council can address this bias by firing a manager whose project is proven to ruin value. Moreover, the council can replace the manager if he has implemented a project but its outcomes remain unobservable. Both decisions decrease the attraction to develop loss-generating projects. However, the dismissing decision on either ground will affect the council deduction that the expected competence of the incoming manager is lower than that of the dismissed manager. Findings This study shows in which situation the selection option is preferred over the disciplining option using two different retention contracts: optimistic contract and pessimistic contract. Originality/value This study shows in which situation the selection option is preferred over the disciplining option using two different retention contracts: optimistic contract and pessimistic contract.

Formal Approach to Data Accuracy Evaluation

يونيو 01, 2022

Belkacem Athamena Zina houhamdi

Usually, data quality is defined by multiple attributes that allow classifying the output data (such as completeness, freshness, and accuracy) or the methods exploiting these data (such as dependability, performance, and protection). Among the suggested quality attributes, we will discuss one of the principal categories: data accuracy. Scientific experiments, decisionmaking, and data retrieval are examples of situations that require a formal evaluation approach to data accuracy. The evaluation approach should be adaptable to distinct understandings of data accuracy and distinct enduser expectations. This study investigates data accuracy and defines dimensions and metrics that affect its evaluation. The investigation of data accuracy generates problems in the user expectation specification and database quality models. This work describes our proposed approach for data accuracy evaluation by defining an evaluation algorithm that considers the distribution of inaccuracies in database relations. The approach decomposes the query output in accordance with data accuracy, labels every part with its accuracy value, and addresses the possibility of enforcing data accuracy by using these values. This study mainly contributes by proposing an explicit evaluation of quality attributes of data accuracy, a formal evaluation approach to data accuracy, and suggesting some improvement actions to reinforce data accuracy.

Retention Contracts under Partial Information Electoral Competition Case Study

أبريل 01, 2022

Zina Houhamdi Belkacem Athamena Ghaleb El Refae

This study copes with a class of principal-agent problems where information asymmetry represents an important characteristic. The paper examines the relationship between the principal and agents. The principal has to perform two agents’ screening and discipline tasks. To complete his duties, the principal lacks complete information concerning the agents’ behavior and rarely has partial information regarding the failure or success of launched tactics, alliances, rationalization, etc. We analyze the type of retention contracts (implicit) used by the principal to replace or retain agents. Consistent with literature findings, we demonstrated that agents could be extremely active in showing their competencies; the relationship between dismissal and bad performance is invalid; and occasionally, the principal dismisses qualified agents. Then we determined the rules under which electorates urge political parties to acquire information and choose optimal policies from the voter’s viewpoint.

Prediction Process in Multi-Agent System Online Monitoring: Centralized and Distributed Approaches

مايو 01, 2019

Zina houhamdi

This paper discusses the prediction process, which is the main step of the online monitoring process for a multi-agent plan. The monitoring process uses a relational model to estimate the internal status of the system, which is dynamic (changes over time). Unfortunately, the agents have partial observability of the environment; thus, the monitoring process cannot accurately determine the system status (known in the literature as belief state) at any instant. The prediction process is composed of two stages: a simulation stage (prediction of all possible system states at the succeeding time) and a clipping stage (elimination of states that are incompatible with the observations or with the constraints from predicted system states)

A Multi-Agent System for Course Timetable Generation

مارس 01, 2019

Zina houhamdi Belkacem Athamena

Impacts of information quality on decision-making

يناير 01, 2019

Zina houhamdi Belkacem Athamena

Model for Decision-Making Process with Big Data

سبتمبر 30, 2018

Belkacem Athamena Zina houhamdi

An execution model for exception handling in a multi-agent system

سبتمبر 01, 2017

Belkacem Athamena Zina houhamdi

Data freshness evaluation in data integration systems

مارس 14, 2016

Zina houhamdi Belkacem Athamena

A distributed approach for multi-agent plan monitorine and diagnosis

نوفمبر 10, 2015

Belkacem Athamena Zina houhamdi

Information quality framework

مارس 01, 2015

Zina houhamdi Belkacem Athamena

Ontology-based Knowledge Management

يناير 01, 2015

Zina houhamdi Belkacem Athamena

Structured system test suite generation process for multi-agent system

أبريل 01, 2014

Zina houhamdi Belkacem Athamena

A Petri Net Based Multi-Agent System Behavioral Testing

مارس 01, 2012

Belkacem Athamena Zina houhamdi

Structured Acceptance Test Suite Generation Process for Multi-Agent System

يناير 01, 2012

Belkacem Athamena Zina houhamdi

A Petri net based agent behavioral testing

يناير 01, 2012

Zina houhamdi Belkacem Athamena

Test Suite Generation Process for Agent Testing

مايو 01, 2011

Zina houhamdi

Structured Integration Test Suite Generation Process for Multi-Agent System

فبراير 01, 2011

Zina houhamdi Belkacem Athamena

Multi-agent system testing: A survey

ديسمبر 01, 2010

Zina houhamdi

A reuse description formalism

يونيو 25, 2001

Zina houhamdi